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^ V1 Primary visual cortex. Occipital cortex area functionally involved in vision processing. Anatomically Brodmann area 17, or striate cortex.
^ V2 Visual area 2 of occiptal cortex.
^ V4 Visual area V4 is one of the visual areas in the extrastriate visual cortex of the macaque monkey
^ V5/MT Visual area V5 or visual area MT [middle temporal] in the extrastriate visual cortex heavily involved with motion perception.
^ Viagra™ sildenafil Drug used for impotence because of its effect on blood vessels. Inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterases. Since nitric oxide (NO·) works through binding soluble guanyl cyclase, sildenafil works by amplification of the NO·-signaling cascade. It thus has effects on vascular smooth muscle. Since the photoreceptor machinery also relies on the cyclic GMP second messenger, this may explain its common visual side effects. There is so far at least one report of ischemic optic neuropathy associated with its use:
Robert Egan, MD; Howard Pomeranz, MD, PhD. (2000) Sildenafil (Viagra) Associated Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 Feb;118(2):291-2. PMID 10676804
^ Vigabatrin Anti epilepsy drug associated with visual field defects. Its anti epileptic mechanism is thought to be a GABA transaminase inhibitor. Its mechanism of visual field loss is reported to be effects on cones and GABAergic amacrine cells.
^ Vioform Clioquinol generically. An antibiotic used orally in the past for treating gastroenteritis and for topical application. Known to cause optic nerve damage.
^ Virus
^ Visual cortex Part of the cerebrum involved with sight and vision.
^ Visual Evoked Potential (VEP)
^ Visual Field A map of the area of effective vision in each eye. see scotoma
Spector, Robert H. 1990. Visual Fields. Clinical Methods The History Physical and Laboratory Examinations 3rd ed, Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW editors. Butterworth. VIII:116;565-572 NIH Books
^ Visual System The part of the nervous system allowing organisms to see. The eyes, optic nerves and brain connections.
^ Vitamin A dietary compound essential in small amounts to health and well being.
^ Vitreous Body (humor) Transparent viscous fluid filling the bulk of globe of the eye.
^ Voltage-gated Referring to channels or receptors activated by voltage changes to open or close.
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